How Do Doctors Test For Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer exclusively affects men, who are the only people with prostate glands. Most people who are diagnosed with prostate cancer are older, although young men can sometimes develop this disease, especially if a history of cancer runs in their families. Doctors can perform tests to check for the presence of cancer in the prostate gland. Prostate cancer screenings are typically recommended after the age of 50, barring other risk factors, according to the American Cancer Society. Here are some of the prostate cancer testing procedures used:
1. Digital Rectal Exam
A digital rectal exam can be used to check for the presence of an enlarged prostate, which can signify prostate cancer. During this exam, a patient is asked to undress from the waist down. A medical professional will then insert their index finger into the patient's rectum in order to palpate the prostate. If an enlarged prostate is discovered, the patient will be instructed to undergo additional tests. A DRE may sound alarming, but it should not be painful. A gown will be provided for modesty, and lubricant will be used to ease discomfort during the procedure.
2. Blood Test
Blood tests can also be used to screen for prostate cancer. Men with prostate cancer typically have higher levels of a prostate specific antigen in their blood than men without cancer. PSA tests can occasionally be inaccurate since some men have elevated levels of PSA due to prostate problems that are not cancer. Additionally, certain medications can artificially lower the level of PSA in a patient's blood, even in the presence of cancer. This means that elevated PSA levels in a blood test will prompt doctors to confirm a suspected prostate cancer diagnosis using additional tests.
3. Prostate Biopsy
Men who are suspected of having cancer due to the results of a DRE or PSA test may be scheduled for a prostate biopsy. During this procedure, a hollow needle will be used to take a tissue sample from the prostate. Prostate biopsies are typically performed through a patient's scrotum or perineum and require no incisions. Patients typically experience no downtime since this procedure is performed on an outpatient basis in a proctologist's office. Local anesthesia will be used to minimize discomfort during a prostate biopsy.
A cancer diagnosis can be frightening. However, prostate cancer is treatable, especially when it is diagnosed as soon as possible. It's important to undergo prostate cancer screening as soon as you are eligible in order to reduce your risk of serious outcomes related to prostate cancer.